These are some common log files
/var/log/message: General message and system related stuff
/var/log/auth.log: Authenication logs
/var/log/kern.log: Kernel logs
/var/log/cron.log: Crond logs (cron job)
/var/log/maillog: Mail server logs
/var/log/qmail/ : Qmail log directory (more files inside this directory)
/var/log/httpd/: Apache access and error logs directory
/var/log/lighttpd: Lighttpd access and error logs directory
/var/log/boot.log : System boot log
/var/log/mysqld.log: MySQL database server log file
/var/log/secure: Authentication log
/var/log/utmp or /var/log/wtmp : Login records file
/var/log/yum.log: Yum log files
In short /var/log is the location where you should find all Linux logs file. However some applications such as httpd have a directory within /var/log/ for their own log files
OR
you can use logwatch to install logwatch on fedora -----> yum install logwatch and there is log file viewer in fc17
please edit your answer with the problem are you getting ? kernel panic is a very general error , we need more information is a fresh install or upgrade ? maybe you are affecting to this bug's -> https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=820351
you can also use -> sudo cat /var/log/messages | grep "Kernel panic"