If you're thinking about encrypting your whole drive with LUKS at install time than none of these concerns pose problem. I am encrypting whole disk on my laptop for obvious reasons (if I loose it or it gets stolen) and haven't noticed any performance hits or problems.
- Only thing that is different is that while booting it is prompting me for LUKS password and boot takes 5-10 seconds more than usual (last boot it took 6 seconds more by looking at
systemd-analyze blame
). - Since you're decrypting your drive at boot time there are no differences for applications since they interact with files as usual.
- Copying from and to encrypted drive is basically also the same since you decrypt it while mounting.
I hope that answers all of your questions :-)